EZ-Homelab/config-templates/dokuwiki/data/pages/architecture/backup.txt

====== Backup Strategy ======

The AI-Homelab implements a comprehensive backup strategy designed for data protection, disaster recovery, and business continuity.

===== Backup Principles =====

**3-2-1 Rule:**
  * **3 Copies**: Original + 2 backups
  * **2 Media Types**: Different storage technologies
  * **1 Offsite**: Geographic separation

**Recovery Objectives:**
  * **RTO (Recovery Time Objective)**: Time to restore service
  * **RPO (Recovery Point Objective)**: Maximum data loss acceptable
  * **RTO Target**: < 4 hours for critical services
  * **RPO Target**: < 1 hour for critical data

**Backup Types:**
  * **Full**: Complete system backup
  * **Incremental**: Changes since last backup
  * **Differential**: Changes since last full backup
  * **Snapshot**: Point-in-time copy

===== Backup Architecture =====

**Primary Backup Solution (Backrest):**
```yaml
services:
  backrest:
    image: ghcr.io/garethflowers/docker-backrest:latest
    volumes:
      - ./config/backrest:/config
      - /mnt/backups:/backups
      - /opt/stacks:/opt/stacks:ro
      - /mnt:/mnt:ro
    environment:
      - BACKREST_CONFIG=/config/config.yml
      - BACKREST_SCHEDULE=0 0 * * *
```

**Alternative Solution (Duplicati):**
```yaml
services:
  duplicati:
    image: lscr.io/linuxserver/duplicati:latest
    volumes:
      - duplicati-config:/config
      - duplicati-source:/source:ro
      - duplicati-backup:/backup
```

===== Backup Categories =====

**Configuration Backups:**
  * **Source**: `/opt/stacks/*/`
  * **Frequency**: Daily
  * **Retention**: 30 days
  * **Type**: Incremental
  * **Critical**: Yes (service definitions)

**User Data Backups:**
  * **Source**: `/mnt/media/`, `/mnt/nextcloud/`
  * **Frequency**: Daily
  * **Retention**: 90 days
  * **Type**: Incremental
  * **Critical**: Yes (user files)

**Database Backups:**
  * **Source**: Named Docker volumes
  * **Frequency**: Hourly
  * **Retention**: 7 days
  * **Type**: Snapshot
  * **Critical**: Yes (application data)

**SSL Certificate Backups:**
  * **Source**: `/opt/stacks/core/traefik/acme.json`
  * **Frequency**: After renewal
  * **Retention**: 1 year
  * **Type**: Full
  * **Critical**: Yes (HTTPS access)

===== Backup Configuration =====

**Backrest Configuration:**
```yaml
version: 1
schedule: "0 2 * * *"  # Daily at 2 AM
repositories:
  - path: "/backups/local"
    retention: "30d"
  - path: "/backups/remote"
    retention: "90d"
backups:
  - name: "stacks-config"
    paths:
      - "/opt/stacks"
    exclude:
      - "*.log"
      - "*/cache/*"
  - name: "user-data"
    paths:
      - "/mnt/media"
      - "/mnt/nextcloud"
    exclude:
      - "*/temp/*"
      - "*/cache/*"
```

**Duplicati Configuration:**
  * **Source**: Local directories
  * **Destination**: Local/network/cloud storage
  * **Encryption**: AES-256
  * **Compression**: ZIP
  * **Deduplication**: Block-level

===== Storage Destinations =====

**Local Storage:**
  * **Path**: `/mnt/backups/`
  * **Type**: External HDD/SSD
  * **Encryption**: Filesystem level
  * **Access**: Direct mount

**Network Storage:**
  * **Protocol**: NFS/SMB/CIFS
  * **Location**: NAS device
  * **Redundancy**: RAID protection
  * **Security**: VPN access

**Cloud Storage:**
  * **Providers**: AWS S3, Backblaze B2, Google Cloud
  * **Encryption**: Client-side
  * **Cost**: Pay for storage used
  * **Access**: Internet connection

**Offsite Storage:**
  * **Location**: Different geographic location
  * **Transport**: Encrypted drives
  * **Frequency**: Weekly rotation
  * **Security**: Physical security

===== Encryption & Security =====

**Encryption Methods:**
  * **Symmetric**: AES-256-GCM
  * **Asymmetric**: RSA key pairs
  * **Key Management**: Secure key storage
  * **Key Rotation**: Regular key updates

**Security Measures:**
  * **Access Control**: Restricted backup access
  * **Network Security**: VPN for remote backups
  * **Integrity Checks**: SHA-256 verification
  * **Audit Logging**: Backup operation logs

===== Automation & Scheduling =====

**Cron Schedules:**
```bash
# Daily backups at 2 AM
0 2 * * * /usr/local/bin/backrest backup

# Weekly full backup on Sunday
0 3 * * 0 /usr/local/bin/backrest backup --full

# Monthly archive
0 4 1 * * /usr/local/bin/backrest archive
```

**Monitoring:**
  * **Success/Failure**: Email notifications
  * **Size Tracking**: Storage usage monitoring
  * **Performance**: Backup duration tracking
  * **Health Checks**: Integrity verification

===== Recovery Procedures =====

**File-Level Recovery:**
```bash
# List snapshots
restic snapshots

# Restore specific file
restic restore latest --target /tmp/restore --path /opt/stacks/config.yml

# Restore to original location
restic restore latest --target / --path /opt/stacks
```

**Volume Recovery:**
```bash
# Stop service
docker compose down

# Restore volume
docker run --rm -v restored-volume:/data -v /backups:/backup busybox tar xzf /backup/volume.tar.gz -C /

# Restart service
docker compose up -d
```

**System Recovery:**
  1. **Boot from installation media**
  2. **Restore base system**
  3. **Install Docker**
  4. **Restore configurations**
  5. **Restore user data**
  6. **Verify services**

===== Testing & Validation =====

**Regular Testing:**
  * **Monthly**: File restoration tests
  * **Quarterly**: Volume recovery tests
  * **Annually**: Full system recovery
  * **After Changes**: Configuration updates

**Validation Checks:**
```bash
# Verify backup integrity
restic check

# List backup contents
restic ls latest

# Compare file counts
find /original -type f | wc -l
restic ls latest | wc -l
```

**Performance Monitoring:**
  * **Backup Duration**: Track completion times
  * **Success Rate**: Monitor failure rates
  * **Storage Growth**: Track backup size trends
  * **Recovery Time**: Measure restoration speed

===== Disaster Recovery =====

**Disaster Scenarios:**
  * **Hardware Failure**: Drive/server replacement
  * **Data Corruption**: File system damage
  * **Cyber Attack**: Ransomware recovery
  * **Site Disaster**: Complete site loss

**Recovery Strategies:**
  * **Cold Standby**: Pre-configured backup server
  * **Cloud Recovery**: Infrastructure as Code
  * **Data Center**: Professional recovery services
  * **Insurance**: Cyber liability coverage

**Business Continuity:**
  * **Critical Services**: < 1 hour RTO
  * **Important Services**: < 4 hours RTO
  * **Standard Services**: < 24 hours RTO
  * **Acceptable Data Loss**: < 1 hour RPO

===== Cost Optimization =====

**Storage Costs:**
  * **Local**: Low initial cost, high maintenance
  * **Network**: Medium cost, shared resources
  * **Cloud**: Pay-as-you-go, scalable
  * **Offsite**: Security vs accessibility trade-off

**Optimization Strategies:**
  * **Compression**: Reduce storage requirements
  * **Deduplication**: Eliminate redundant data
  * **Tiering**: Move old data to cheaper storage
  * **Retention Policies**: Delete unnecessary backups

===== Compliance & Auditing =====

**Regulatory Requirements:**
  * **Data Retention**: Industry-specific rules
  * **Encryption Standards**: FIPS compliance
  * **Access Logging**: Audit trail requirements
  * **Testing Frequency**: Regulatory testing schedules

**Audit Procedures:**
  * **Backup Logs**: Operation history
  * **Access Logs**: Who accessed backups
  * **Change Logs**: Configuration changes
  * **Test Results**: Recovery test documentation

**Documentation:**
  * **Procedures**: Step-by-step recovery guides
  * **Contacts**: Emergency contact information
  * **Dependencies**: Required resources and access
  * **Testing**: Regular test schedules and results

This backup strategy ensures your homelab data remains protected and recoverable in any scenario.

**Next:** Explore [[services:start|Service Management]] or learn about [[development:start|Contributing]].