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config-templates/dokuwiki/data/pages/architecture/storage.txt
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config-templates/dokuwiki/data/pages/architecture/storage.txt
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====== Storage Architecture ======
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The AI-Homelab implements a comprehensive storage strategy designed for performance, reliability, and scalability.
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===== Storage Principles =====
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**Data Classification:**
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* **Configuration**: Application settings and metadata
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* **User Data**: Files, documents, media
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* **System Data**: Logs, caches, temporary files
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* **Backup Data**: Archived copies and snapshots
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**Storage Tiers:**
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* **Hot**: Frequently accessed data (SSD)
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* **Warm**: Regularly accessed data (HDD)
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* **Cold**: Archive data (external storage)
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* **Offline**: Long-term retention (tape/offsite)
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**Performance Optimization:**
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* **Caching**: In-memory data acceleration
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* **Compression**: Storage space optimization
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* **Deduplication**: Eliminate redundant data
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* **Tiering**: Automatic data placement
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===== Directory Structure =====
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**System Storage (/opt/stacks/):**
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```
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/opt/stacks/
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├── core/ # Core infrastructure
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│ ├── traefik/ # Reverse proxy config
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│ ├── authelia/ # SSO configuration
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│ ├── duckdns/ # DNS updater
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│ └── gluetun/ # VPN client
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├── infrastructure/ # Management tools
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├── media/ # Media services
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├── productivity/ # Office applications
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├── monitoring/ # Observability stack
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└── utilities/ # Helper services
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```
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**Data Storage (/mnt/):**
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```
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/mnt/
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├── media/ # Movies, TV, music
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│ ├── movies/
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│ ├── tv/
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│ └── music/
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├── downloads/ # Torrent downloads
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│ ├── complete/
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│ └── incomplete/
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├── backups/ # Backup archives
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├── nextcloud/ # Cloud storage
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├── git/ # Git repositories
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└── surveillance/ # Camera footage
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```
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===== Docker Storage =====
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**Volume Types:**
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**Named Volumes (Managed):**
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```yaml
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volumes:
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database-data:
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driver: local
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```
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* **Pros**: Docker managed, portable, backup-friendly
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* **Cons**: Less direct access, filesystem overhead
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* **Use**: Databases, application data
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**Bind Mounts (Direct):**
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```yaml
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volumes:
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- ./config:/config
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- /mnt/media:/media
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```
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* **Pros**: Direct filesystem access, performance
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* **Cons**: Host-dependent, permission management
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* **Use**: Configuration, large media files
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**tmpfs (Memory):**
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```yaml
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tmpfs:
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- /tmp/cache
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```
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* **Pros**: High performance, automatic cleanup
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* **Cons**: Volatile, memory usage
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* **Use**: Caches, temporary files
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**Storage Drivers:**
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* **overlay2**: Modern union filesystem
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* **btrfs**: Advanced features (snapshots, compression)
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* **zfs**: Enterprise-grade (snapshots, deduplication)
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===== Service Storage Patterns =====
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**Configuration Storage:**
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```yaml
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services:
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service-name:
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volumes:
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- ./config/service-name:/config
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- service-data:/data
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```
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* **Config**: Bind mount in stack directory
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* **Data**: Named volume for persistence
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* **Permissions**: PUID/PGID for access control
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**Media Storage:**
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```yaml
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services:
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jellyfin:
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volumes:
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- ./config/jellyfin:/config
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- jellyfin-cache:/cache
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- /mnt/media:/media:ro
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- /mnt/transcode:/transcode
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```
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* **Media**: Read-only external mount
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* **Transcode**: Temporary processing space
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* **Cache**: Named volume for performance
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**Database Storage:**
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```yaml
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services:
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postgres:
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volumes:
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- postgres-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
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environment:
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- POSTGRES_DB=homelab
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- POSTGRES_USER=homelab
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- POSTGRES_PASSWORD=${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
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```
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* **Data**: Named volume for persistence
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* **Backups**: Volume snapshots
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* **Performance**: Proper indexing
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===== Backup Storage =====
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**Backrest (Primary):**
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```yaml
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services:
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backrest:
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volumes:
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- ./config/backrest:/config
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- /mnt/backups:/backups
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- /opt/stacks:/opt/stacks:ro
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- /mnt:/mnt:ro
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```
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* **Repository**: Local and remote storage
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* **Encryption**: AES-256-GCM
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* **Deduplication**: Space-efficient
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* **Snapshots**: Point-in-time recovery
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**Duplicati (Alternative):**
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```yaml
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services:
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duplicati:
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volumes:
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- duplicati-config:/config
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- duplicati-source:/source:ro
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- duplicati-backup:/backup
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```
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* **Frontend**: Web-based interface
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* **Destinations**: Multiple cloud providers
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* **Encryption**: Built-in encryption
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* **Scheduling**: Automated backups
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===== Performance Optimization =====
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**Filesystem Choice:**
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* **ext4**: General purpose, reliable
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* **btrfs**: Snapshots, compression, RAID
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* **ZFS**: Advanced features, data integrity
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* **XFS**: High performance, large files
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**RAID Configuration:**
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* **RAID 1**: Mirroring (2 drives)
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* **RAID 5**: Striping with parity (3+ drives)
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* **RAID 10**: Mirroring + striping (4+ drives)
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* **RAID Z**: ZFS software RAID
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**Caching Strategies:**
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* **Page Cache**: OS-level caching
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* **Application Cache**: Service-specific caching
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* **CDN**: Content delivery networks
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* **Reverse Proxy**: Traefik caching
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===== Monitoring & Maintenance =====
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**Storage Monitoring:**
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```bash
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# Disk usage
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df -h
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# Docker storage
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docker system df
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# Volume usage
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docker volume ls
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docker volume inspect volume-name
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```
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**Maintenance Tasks:**
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* **Cleanup**: Remove unused volumes and images
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* **Defragmentation**: Filesystem optimization
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* **SMART Monitoring**: Drive health checks
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* **Backup Verification**: Integrity testing
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**Health Checks:**
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* **Filesystem**: fsck, scrub operations
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* **RAID**: Array status monitoring
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* **SMART**: Drive error monitoring
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* **Backup**: Restoration testing
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===== Capacity Planning =====
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**Storage Requirements:**
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| Service | Typical Size | Growth Rate |
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|---------|-------------|-------------|
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| Nextcloud | 100GB+ | High (user files) |
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| Jellyfin | 500GB+ | High (media library) |
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| Gitea | 10GB+ | Medium (repositories) |
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| Grafana | 5GB+ | Low (metrics) |
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| Backups | 2x data size | Variable |
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**Scaling Strategies:**
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* **Vertical**: Larger drives, more RAM
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* **Horizontal**: Multiple storage servers
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* **Cloud**: Hybrid cloud storage
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* **Archival**: Long-term retention solutions
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===== Security Considerations =====
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**Encryption:**
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* **At Rest**: Filesystem encryption (LUKS)
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* **In Transit**: TLS encryption
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* **Backups**: Encrypted archives
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* **Keys**: Secure key management
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**Access Control:**
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* **Permissions**: Proper file permissions
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* **SELinux/AppArmor**: Mandatory access control
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* **Network**: Isolated storage networks
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* **Auditing**: Access logging
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**Data Protection:**
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* **RAID**: Redundancy protection
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* **Snapshots**: Point-in-time copies
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* **Backups**: Offsite copies
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* **Testing**: Regular recovery tests
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===== Disaster Recovery =====
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**Recovery Strategies:**
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* **File-level**: Individual file restoration
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* **Volume-level**: Docker volume recovery
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* **System-level**: Complete system restore
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* **Bare-metal**: Full server recovery
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**Business Continuity:**
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* **RTO**: Recovery Time Objective
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* **RPO**: Recovery Point Objective
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* **Testing**: Regular DR exercises
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* **Documentation**: Recovery procedures
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**High Availability:**
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* **Replication**: Data mirroring
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* **Clustering**: Distributed storage
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* **Load Balancing**: Access distribution
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* **Failover**: Automatic switching
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===== Migration Strategies =====
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**Storage Migration:**
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* **Live Migration**: Zero-downtime moves
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* **Offline Migration**: Scheduled maintenance
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* **Incremental**: Phased data movement
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* **Verification**: Data integrity checks
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**Technology Upgrades:**
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* **Filesystem**: ext4 to btrfs/ZFS
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* **RAID**: Hardware to software RAID
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* **Storage**: Local to network storage
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* **Cloud**: Hybrid cloud solutions
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This storage architecture provides reliable, performant, and scalable data management for your homelab.
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**Next:** Learn about [[architecture:backup|Backup Strategy]] or explore [[services:start|Service Management]].
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