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config-templates/dokuwiki/data/pages/architecture/security.txt
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config-templates/dokuwiki/data/pages/architecture/security.txt
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====== Security Architecture ======
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The AI-Homelab implements a comprehensive security model based on defense in depth, zero trust principles, and industry best practices.
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===== Security Principles =====
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**Defense in Depth:**
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* **Multiple Layers**: Network, application, and data security
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* **Fail-Safe Defaults**: Secure by default, explicit opt-out
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* **Least Privilege**: Minimal required permissions
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* **Continuous Monitoring**: Real-time threat detection
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**Zero Trust:**
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* **Never Trust**: Verify every access request
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* **Assume Breach**: Design for compromised systems
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* **Micro-Segmentation**: Isolate services and data
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* **Continuous Verification**: Ongoing authentication
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**Compliance:**
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* **Data Protection**: Encryption at rest and in transit
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* **Access Control**: Role-based and attribute-based access
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* **Audit Logging**: Comprehensive activity tracking
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* **Regular Updates**: Security patch management
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===== Authentication & Authorization =====
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**Authelia SSO System:**
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**Architecture:**
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* **Protocol**: OpenID Connect, SAML 2.0
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* **Storage**: File-based user database
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* **Session Management**: Secure JWT tokens
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* **Multi-Factor**: TOTP, WebAuthn, Push notifications
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**User Management:**
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```yaml
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users:
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admin:
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displayname: Administrator
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password: $argon2id$...
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email: admin@yourdomain.duckdns.org
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groups:
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- admins
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- dev
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```
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**Access Policies:**
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```yaml
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access_control:
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default_policy: deny
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rules:
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# Admin services require 2FA
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- domain: "*.yourdomain.duckdns.org"
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policy: two_factor
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subject:
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- "group:admins"
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# Media services bypass SSO
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- domain: "jellyfin.yourdomain.duckdns.org"
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policy: bypass
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# API access with tokens
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- domain: "*.yourdomain.duckdns.org"
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policy: one_factor
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resources:
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- "^/api/.*"
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```
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**Session Security:**
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* **Expiration**: 8 hour sessions
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* **Inactivity Timeout**: 10 minute timeout
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* **Secure Cookies**: HttpOnly, Secure, SameSite
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* **CSRF Protection**: Token-based validation
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===== SSL/TLS Encryption =====
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**Certificate Management:**
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* **Authority**: Let's Encrypt (trusted CA)
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* **Type**: Wildcard ECDSA certificate
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* **Domains**: *.yourdomain.duckdns.org
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* **Renewal**: Automatic (30 days before expiry)
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**SSL Configuration:**
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```yaml
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tls:
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certificates:
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- certFile: /ssl/cert.pem
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keyFile: /ssl/private.key
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options:
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default:
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minVersion: VersionTLS12
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cipherSuites:
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- TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
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- TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
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sniStrict: true
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```
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**Security Headers:**
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```yaml
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headers:
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# Prevent clickjacking
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customResponseHeaders:
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X-Frame-Options: "SAMEORIGIN"
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X-Content-Type-Options: "nosniff"
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Referrer-Policy: "strict-origin-when-cross-origin"
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Permissions-Policy: "geolocation=(), microphone=(), camera=()"
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# HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security)
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stsSeconds: 31536000
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stsIncludeSubdomains: true
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stsPreload: true
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```
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===== Network Security =====
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**Firewall Configuration:**
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* **UFW**: Uncomplicated Firewall
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* **Default Policy**: Deny all incoming
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* **Allowed Ports**: 22 (SSH), 80 (HTTP), 443 (HTTPS)
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* **Docker Isolation**: Container network segmentation
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**Network Segmentation:**
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* **traefik-network**: Web-facing services
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* **homelab-network**: Internal services
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* **media-network**: Media services
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* **isolated-networks**: High-security services
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**VPN Protection:**
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* **Gluetun**: VPN client container
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* **Provider**: Surfshark (configurable)
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* **Protocol**: WireGuard (preferred)
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* **Kill Switch**: Prevents IP leaks
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===== Container Security =====
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**Docker Security Best Practices:**
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* **Non-root Users**: PUID/PGID environment variables
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* **No Privileged Containers**: Minimal capabilities
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* **Read-only Filesystems**: Where possible
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* **Resource Limits**: CPU and memory constraints
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**Security Scanning:**
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```yaml
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# Trivy vulnerability scanning
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docker run --rm -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
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aquasec/trivy image your-image:latest
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# Container security audit
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docker run --rm -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
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docker/docker-bench-security
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```
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**Image Security:**
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* **Official Images**: LinuxServer.io preferred
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* **Version Pinning**: Specific version tags
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* **SBOM**: Software Bill of Materials
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* **Signature Verification**: Image signing
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===== Data Protection =====
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**Encryption at Rest:**
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* **SSL Certificates**: Encrypted storage
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* **User Data**: Service-specific encryption
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* **Backups**: AES-256 encryption
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* **Secrets**: Environment variable protection
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**Encryption in Transit:**
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* **HTTPS**: End-to-end encryption
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* **API Communication**: TLS 1.2+
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* **Database Connections**: SSL/TLS
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* **VPN Tunneling**: WireGuard/OpenVPN
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**Data Classification:**
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* **Public**: No encryption required
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* **Internal**: TLS encryption
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* **Sensitive**: Additional encryption layers
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* **Critical**: Multi-layer encryption
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===== Access Control =====
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**Role-Based Access Control (RBAC):**
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```yaml
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# Authelia groups
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groups:
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admins:
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- admin
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users:
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- user1
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- user2
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media:
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- family
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```
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**Service-Level Permissions:**
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* **Nextcloud**: User and group permissions
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* **Gitea**: Repository access control
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* **Grafana**: Dashboard permissions
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* **API Keys**: Scoped access tokens
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**Network Access Control:**
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* **IP Whitelisting**: Restrict by IP address
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* **Geo-blocking**: Country-based restrictions
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* **Rate Limiting**: Prevent brute force attacks
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* **Fail2Ban**: SSH protection
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===== Monitoring & Auditing =====
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**Security Monitoring:**
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* **Authentication Logs**: Authelia events
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* **Access Logs**: Traefik requests
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* **System Logs**: Docker and system events
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* **Intrusion Detection**: Pattern matching
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**Audit Logging:**
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```yaml
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# Loki log aggregation
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scrape_configs:
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- job_name: 'authelia'
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static_configs:
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- targets: ['authelia:9091']
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relabel_configs:
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- source_labels: [__address__]
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target_label: __param_target
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- source_labels: [__param_target]
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target_label: instance
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- target_label: __address__
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replacement: localhost:3100
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```
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**Alerting:**
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* **Failed Logins**: Brute force detection
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* **Certificate Expiry**: SSL renewal warnings
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* **Service Downtime**: Availability monitoring
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* **Security Events**: Suspicious activity
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===== Threat Mitigation =====
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**Common Threats:**
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* **Brute Force**: Rate limiting, 2FA
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* **SQL Injection**: Parameterized queries
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* **XSS**: Content Security Policy
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* **CSRF**: Token validation
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**Incident Response:**
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1. **Detection**: Monitoring alerts
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2. **Assessment**: Determine impact
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3. **Containment**: Isolate affected systems
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4. **Recovery**: Restore from backups
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5. **Lessons Learned**: Update policies
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**Backup Security:**
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* **Encryption**: AES-256-GCM
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* **Integrity**: SHA-256 checksums
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* **Retention**: Configurable policies
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* **Testing**: Regular restoration tests
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===== Compliance & Governance =====
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**Security Standards:**
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* **OWASP**: Web application security
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* **NIST**: Cybersecurity framework
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* **ISO 27001**: Information security
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* **GDPR**: Data protection
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**Regular Assessments:**
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* **Vulnerability Scanning**: Weekly
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* **Penetration Testing**: Monthly
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* **Security Audits**: Quarterly
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* **Compliance Reviews**: Annual
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**Documentation:**
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* **Security Policies**: Access and usage rules
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* **Incident Response**: Procedures and contacts
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* **Change Management**: Update procedures
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* **Training**: Security awareness
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===== Advanced Security =====
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**Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA):**
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* **Identity-Based**: User and device verification
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* **Context-Aware**: Risk-based access
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* **Micro-Segmentation**: Service isolation
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* **Continuous Monitoring**: Real-time assessment
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**Secrets Management:**
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* **Environment Variables**: Runtime secrets
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* **Docker Secrets**: Swarm mode secrets
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* **External Vaults**: HashiCorp Vault integration
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* **Key Rotation**: Automatic secret renewal
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**Intrusion Detection:**
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* **Network IDS**: Traffic analysis
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* **Host IDS**: System monitoring
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* **Log Analysis**: Pattern detection
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* **SIEM Integration**: Centralized logging
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This security architecture provides comprehensive protection for your homelab while maintaining usability and performance.
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**Next:** Learn about [[architecture:storage|Storage Strategy]] or [[architecture:backup|Backup Strategy]].
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