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config-templates/dokuwiki/data/pages/architecture/backup.txt
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config-templates/dokuwiki/data/pages/architecture/backup.txt
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====== Backup Strategy ======
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The AI-Homelab implements a comprehensive backup strategy designed for data protection, disaster recovery, and business continuity.
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===== Backup Principles =====
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**3-2-1 Rule:**
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* **3 Copies**: Original + 2 backups
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* **2 Media Types**: Different storage technologies
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* **1 Offsite**: Geographic separation
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**Recovery Objectives:**
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* **RTO (Recovery Time Objective)**: Time to restore service
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* **RPO (Recovery Point Objective)**: Maximum data loss acceptable
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* **RTO Target**: < 4 hours for critical services
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* **RPO Target**: < 1 hour for critical data
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**Backup Types:**
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* **Full**: Complete system backup
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* **Incremental**: Changes since last backup
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* **Differential**: Changes since last full backup
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* **Snapshot**: Point-in-time copy
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===== Backup Architecture =====
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**Primary Backup Solution (Backrest):**
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```yaml
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services:
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backrest:
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image: ghcr.io/garethflowers/docker-backrest:latest
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volumes:
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- ./config/backrest:/config
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- /mnt/backups:/backups
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- /opt/stacks:/opt/stacks:ro
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- /mnt:/mnt:ro
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environment:
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- BACKREST_CONFIG=/config/config.yml
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- BACKREST_SCHEDULE=0 0 * * *
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```
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**Alternative Solution (Duplicati):**
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```yaml
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services:
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duplicati:
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image: lscr.io/linuxserver/duplicati:latest
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volumes:
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- duplicati-config:/config
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- duplicati-source:/source:ro
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- duplicati-backup:/backup
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```
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===== Backup Categories =====
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**Configuration Backups:**
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* **Source**: `/opt/stacks/*/`
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* **Frequency**: Daily
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* **Retention**: 30 days
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* **Type**: Incremental
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* **Critical**: Yes (service definitions)
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**User Data Backups:**
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* **Source**: `/mnt/media/`, `/mnt/nextcloud/`
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* **Frequency**: Daily
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* **Retention**: 90 days
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* **Type**: Incremental
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* **Critical**: Yes (user files)
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**Database Backups:**
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* **Source**: Named Docker volumes
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* **Frequency**: Hourly
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* **Retention**: 7 days
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* **Type**: Snapshot
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* **Critical**: Yes (application data)
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**SSL Certificate Backups:**
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* **Source**: `/opt/stacks/core/traefik/acme.json`
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* **Frequency**: After renewal
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* **Retention**: 1 year
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* **Type**: Full
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* **Critical**: Yes (HTTPS access)
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===== Backup Configuration =====
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**Backrest Configuration:**
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```yaml
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version: 1
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schedule: "0 2 * * *" # Daily at 2 AM
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repositories:
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- path: "/backups/local"
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retention: "30d"
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- path: "/backups/remote"
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retention: "90d"
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backups:
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- name: "stacks-config"
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paths:
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- "/opt/stacks"
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exclude:
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- "*.log"
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- "*/cache/*"
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- name: "user-data"
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paths:
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- "/mnt/media"
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- "/mnt/nextcloud"
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exclude:
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- "*/temp/*"
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- "*/cache/*"
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```
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**Duplicati Configuration:**
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* **Source**: Local directories
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* **Destination**: Local/network/cloud storage
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* **Encryption**: AES-256
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* **Compression**: ZIP
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* **Deduplication**: Block-level
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===== Storage Destinations =====
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**Local Storage:**
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* **Path**: `/mnt/backups/`
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* **Type**: External HDD/SSD
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* **Encryption**: Filesystem level
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* **Access**: Direct mount
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**Network Storage:**
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* **Protocol**: NFS/SMB/CIFS
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* **Location**: NAS device
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* **Redundancy**: RAID protection
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* **Security**: VPN access
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**Cloud Storage:**
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* **Providers**: AWS S3, Backblaze B2, Google Cloud
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* **Encryption**: Client-side
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* **Cost**: Pay for storage used
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* **Access**: Internet connection
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**Offsite Storage:**
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* **Location**: Different geographic location
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* **Transport**: Encrypted drives
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* **Frequency**: Weekly rotation
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* **Security**: Physical security
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===== Encryption & Security =====
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**Encryption Methods:**
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* **Symmetric**: AES-256-GCM
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* **Asymmetric**: RSA key pairs
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* **Key Management**: Secure key storage
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* **Key Rotation**: Regular key updates
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**Security Measures:**
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* **Access Control**: Restricted backup access
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* **Network Security**: VPN for remote backups
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* **Integrity Checks**: SHA-256 verification
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* **Audit Logging**: Backup operation logs
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===== Automation & Scheduling =====
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**Cron Schedules:**
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```bash
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# Daily backups at 2 AM
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0 2 * * * /usr/local/bin/backrest backup
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# Weekly full backup on Sunday
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0 3 * * 0 /usr/local/bin/backrest backup --full
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# Monthly archive
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0 4 1 * * /usr/local/bin/backrest archive
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```
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**Monitoring:**
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* **Success/Failure**: Email notifications
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* **Size Tracking**: Storage usage monitoring
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* **Performance**: Backup duration tracking
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* **Health Checks**: Integrity verification
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===== Recovery Procedures =====
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**File-Level Recovery:**
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```bash
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# List snapshots
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restic snapshots
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# Restore specific file
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restic restore latest --target /tmp/restore --path /opt/stacks/config.yml
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# Restore to original location
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restic restore latest --target / --path /opt/stacks
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```
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**Volume Recovery:**
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```bash
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# Stop service
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docker compose down
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# Restore volume
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docker run --rm -v restored-volume:/data -v /backups:/backup busybox tar xzf /backup/volume.tar.gz -C /
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# Restart service
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docker compose up -d
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```
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**System Recovery:**
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1. **Boot from installation media**
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2. **Restore base system**
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3. **Install Docker**
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4. **Restore configurations**
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5. **Restore user data**
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6. **Verify services**
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===== Testing & Validation =====
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**Regular Testing:**
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* **Monthly**: File restoration tests
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* **Quarterly**: Volume recovery tests
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* **Annually**: Full system recovery
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* **After Changes**: Configuration updates
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**Validation Checks:**
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```bash
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# Verify backup integrity
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restic check
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# List backup contents
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restic ls latest
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# Compare file counts
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find /original -type f | wc -l
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restic ls latest | wc -l
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```
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**Performance Monitoring:**
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* **Backup Duration**: Track completion times
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* **Success Rate**: Monitor failure rates
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* **Storage Growth**: Track backup size trends
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* **Recovery Time**: Measure restoration speed
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===== Disaster Recovery =====
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**Disaster Scenarios:**
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* **Hardware Failure**: Drive/server replacement
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* **Data Corruption**: File system damage
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* **Cyber Attack**: Ransomware recovery
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* **Site Disaster**: Complete site loss
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**Recovery Strategies:**
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* **Cold Standby**: Pre-configured backup server
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* **Cloud Recovery**: Infrastructure as Code
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* **Data Center**: Professional recovery services
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* **Insurance**: Cyber liability coverage
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**Business Continuity:**
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* **Critical Services**: < 1 hour RTO
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* **Important Services**: < 4 hours RTO
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* **Standard Services**: < 24 hours RTO
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* **Acceptable Data Loss**: < 1 hour RPO
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===== Cost Optimization =====
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**Storage Costs:**
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* **Local**: Low initial cost, high maintenance
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* **Network**: Medium cost, shared resources
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* **Cloud**: Pay-as-you-go, scalable
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* **Offsite**: Security vs accessibility trade-off
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**Optimization Strategies:**
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* **Compression**: Reduce storage requirements
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* **Deduplication**: Eliminate redundant data
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* **Tiering**: Move old data to cheaper storage
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* **Retention Policies**: Delete unnecessary backups
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===== Compliance & Auditing =====
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**Regulatory Requirements:**
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* **Data Retention**: Industry-specific rules
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* **Encryption Standards**: FIPS compliance
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* **Access Logging**: Audit trail requirements
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* **Testing Frequency**: Regulatory testing schedules
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**Audit Procedures:**
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* **Backup Logs**: Operation history
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* **Access Logs**: Who accessed backups
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* **Change Logs**: Configuration changes
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* **Test Results**: Recovery test documentation
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**Documentation:**
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* **Procedures**: Step-by-step recovery guides
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* **Contacts**: Emergency contact information
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* **Dependencies**: Required resources and access
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* **Testing**: Regular test schedules and results
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This backup strategy ensures your homelab data remains protected and recoverable in any scenario.
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**Next:** Explore [[services:start|Service Management]] or learn about [[development:start|Contributing]].
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