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docker-compose/ez-assistant/docs/gateway/heartbeat.md
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docker-compose/ez-assistant/docs/gateway/heartbeat.md
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---
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summary: "Heartbeat polling messages and notification rules"
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read_when:
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- Adjusting heartbeat cadence or messaging
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- Deciding between heartbeat and cron for scheduled tasks
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---
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# Heartbeat (Gateway)
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> **Heartbeat vs Cron?** See [Cron vs Heartbeat](/automation/cron-vs-heartbeat) for guidance on when to use each.
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Heartbeat runs **periodic agent turns** in the main session so the model can
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surface anything that needs attention without spamming you.
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## Quick start (beginner)
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1. Leave heartbeats enabled (default is `30m`, or `1h` for Anthropic OAuth/setup-token) or set your own cadence.
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2. Create a tiny `HEARTBEAT.md` checklist in the agent workspace (optional but recommended).
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3. Decide where heartbeat messages should go (`target: "last"` is the default).
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4. Optional: enable heartbeat reasoning delivery for transparency.
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5. Optional: restrict heartbeats to active hours (local time).
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Example config:
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```json5
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{
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agents: {
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defaults: {
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heartbeat: {
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every: "30m",
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target: "last",
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// activeHours: { start: "08:00", end: "24:00" },
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// includeReasoning: true, // optional: send separate `Reasoning:` message too
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}
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}
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}
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}
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```
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## Defaults
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- Interval: `30m` (or `1h` when Anthropic OAuth/setup-token is the detected auth mode). Set `agents.defaults.heartbeat.every` or per-agent `agents.list[].heartbeat.every`; use `0m` to disable.
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- Prompt body (configurable via `agents.defaults.heartbeat.prompt`):
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`Read HEARTBEAT.md if it exists (workspace context). Follow it strictly. Do not infer or repeat old tasks from prior chats. If nothing needs attention, reply HEARTBEAT_OK.`
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- The heartbeat prompt is sent **verbatim** as the user message. The system
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prompt includes a “Heartbeat” section and the run is flagged internally.
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- Active hours (`heartbeat.activeHours`) are checked in the configured timezone.
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Outside the window, heartbeats are skipped until the next tick inside the window.
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## What the heartbeat prompt is for
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The default prompt is intentionally broad:
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- **Background tasks**: “Consider outstanding tasks” nudges the agent to review
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follow-ups (inbox, calendar, reminders, queued work) and surface anything urgent.
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- **Human check-in**: “Checkup sometimes on your human during day time” nudges an
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occasional lightweight “anything you need?” message, but avoids night-time spam
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by using your configured local timezone (see [/concepts/timezone](/concepts/timezone)).
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If you want a heartbeat to do something very specific (e.g. “check Gmail PubSub
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stats” or “verify gateway health”), set `agents.defaults.heartbeat.prompt` (or
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`agents.list[].heartbeat.prompt`) to a custom body (sent verbatim).
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## Response contract
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- If nothing needs attention, reply with **`HEARTBEAT_OK`**.
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- During heartbeat runs, Moltbot treats `HEARTBEAT_OK` as an ack when it appears
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at the **start or end** of the reply. The token is stripped and the reply is
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dropped if the remaining content is **≤ `ackMaxChars`** (default: 300).
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- If `HEARTBEAT_OK` appears in the **middle** of a reply, it is not treated
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specially.
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- For alerts, **do not** include `HEARTBEAT_OK`; return only the alert text.
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Outside heartbeats, stray `HEARTBEAT_OK` at the start/end of a message is stripped
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and logged; a message that is only `HEARTBEAT_OK` is dropped.
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## Config
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```json5
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{
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agents: {
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defaults: {
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heartbeat: {
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every: "30m", // default: 30m (0m disables)
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model: "anthropic/claude-opus-4-5",
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includeReasoning: false, // default: false (deliver separate Reasoning: message when available)
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target: "last", // last | none | <channel id> (core or plugin, e.g. "bluebubbles")
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to: "+15551234567", // optional channel-specific override
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prompt: "Read HEARTBEAT.md if it exists (workspace context). Follow it strictly. Do not infer or repeat old tasks from prior chats. If nothing needs attention, reply HEARTBEAT_OK.",
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ackMaxChars: 300 // max chars allowed after HEARTBEAT_OK
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}
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### Scope and precedence
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- `agents.defaults.heartbeat` sets global heartbeat behavior.
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- `agents.list[].heartbeat` merges on top; if any agent has a `heartbeat` block, **only those agents** run heartbeats.
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- `channels.defaults.heartbeat` sets visibility defaults for all channels.
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- `channels.<channel>.heartbeat` overrides channel defaults.
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- `channels.<channel>.accounts.<id>.heartbeat` (multi-account channels) overrides per-channel settings.
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### Per-agent heartbeats
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If any `agents.list[]` entry includes a `heartbeat` block, **only those agents**
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run heartbeats. The per-agent block merges on top of `agents.defaults.heartbeat`
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(so you can set shared defaults once and override per agent).
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Example: two agents, only the second agent runs heartbeats.
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```json5
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{
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agents: {
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defaults: {
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heartbeat: {
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every: "30m",
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target: "last"
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}
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},
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list: [
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{ id: "main", default: true },
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{
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id: "ops",
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heartbeat: {
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every: "1h",
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target: "whatsapp",
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to: "+15551234567",
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prompt: "Read HEARTBEAT.md if it exists (workspace context). Follow it strictly. Do not infer or repeat old tasks from prior chats. If nothing needs attention, reply HEARTBEAT_OK."
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}
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}
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]
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}
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}
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```
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### Field notes
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- `every`: heartbeat interval (duration string; default unit = minutes).
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- `model`: optional model override for heartbeat runs (`provider/model`).
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- `includeReasoning`: when enabled, also deliver the separate `Reasoning:` message when available (same shape as `/reasoning on`).
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- `session`: optional session key for heartbeat runs.
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- `main` (default): agent main session.
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- Explicit session key (copy from `moltbot sessions --json` or the [sessions CLI](/cli/sessions)).
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- Session key formats: see [Sessions](/concepts/session) and [Groups](/concepts/groups).
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- `target`:
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- `last` (default): deliver to the last used external channel.
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- explicit channel: `whatsapp` / `telegram` / `discord` / `googlechat` / `slack` / `msteams` / `signal` / `imessage`.
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- `none`: run the heartbeat but **do not deliver** externally.
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- `to`: optional recipient override (channel-specific id, e.g. E.164 for WhatsApp or a Telegram chat id).
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- `prompt`: overrides the default prompt body (not merged).
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- `ackMaxChars`: max chars allowed after `HEARTBEAT_OK` before delivery.
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## Delivery behavior
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- Heartbeats run in the agent’s main session by default (`agent:<id>:<mainKey>`),
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or `global` when `session.scope = "global"`. Set `session` to override to a
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specific channel session (Discord/WhatsApp/etc.).
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- `session` only affects the run context; delivery is controlled by `target` and `to`.
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- To deliver to a specific channel/recipient, set `target` + `to`. With
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`target: "last"`, delivery uses the last external channel for that session.
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- If the main queue is busy, the heartbeat is skipped and retried later.
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- If `target` resolves to no external destination, the run still happens but no
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outbound message is sent.
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- Heartbeat-only replies do **not** keep the session alive; the last `updatedAt`
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is restored so idle expiry behaves normally.
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## Visibility controls
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By default, `HEARTBEAT_OK` acknowledgments are suppressed while alert content is
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delivered. You can adjust this per channel or per account:
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```yaml
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channels:
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defaults:
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heartbeat:
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showOk: false # Hide HEARTBEAT_OK (default)
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showAlerts: true # Show alert messages (default)
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useIndicator: true # Emit indicator events (default)
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telegram:
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heartbeat:
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showOk: true # Show OK acknowledgments on Telegram
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whatsapp:
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accounts:
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work:
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heartbeat:
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showAlerts: false # Suppress alert delivery for this account
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```
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Precedence: per-account → per-channel → channel defaults → built-in defaults.
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### What each flag does
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- `showOk`: sends a `HEARTBEAT_OK` acknowledgment when the model returns an OK-only reply.
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- `showAlerts`: sends the alert content when the model returns a non-OK reply.
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- `useIndicator`: emits indicator events for UI status surfaces.
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If **all three** are false, Moltbot skips the heartbeat run entirely (no model call).
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### Per-channel vs per-account examples
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```yaml
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channels:
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defaults:
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heartbeat:
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showOk: false
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showAlerts: true
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useIndicator: true
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slack:
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heartbeat:
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showOk: true # all Slack accounts
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accounts:
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ops:
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heartbeat:
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showAlerts: false # suppress alerts for the ops account only
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telegram:
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heartbeat:
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showOk: true
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```
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### Common patterns
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| Goal | Config |
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| --- | --- |
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| Default behavior (silent OKs, alerts on) | *(no config needed)* |
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| Fully silent (no messages, no indicator) | `channels.defaults.heartbeat: { showOk: false, showAlerts: false, useIndicator: false }` |
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| Indicator-only (no messages) | `channels.defaults.heartbeat: { showOk: false, showAlerts: false, useIndicator: true }` |
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| OKs in one channel only | `channels.telegram.heartbeat: { showOk: true }` |
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## HEARTBEAT.md (optional)
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If a `HEARTBEAT.md` file exists in the workspace, the default prompt tells the
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agent to read it. Think of it as your “heartbeat checklist”: small, stable, and
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safe to include every 30 minutes.
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If `HEARTBEAT.md` exists but is effectively empty (only blank lines and markdown
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headers like `# Heading`), Moltbot skips the heartbeat run to save API calls.
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If the file is missing, the heartbeat still runs and the model decides what to do.
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Keep it tiny (short checklist or reminders) to avoid prompt bloat.
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Example `HEARTBEAT.md`:
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```md
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# Heartbeat checklist
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- Quick scan: anything urgent in inboxes?
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- If it’s daytime, do a lightweight check-in if nothing else is pending.
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- If a task is blocked, write down *what is missing* and ask Peter next time.
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```
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### Can the agent update HEARTBEAT.md?
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Yes — if you ask it to.
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`HEARTBEAT.md` is just a normal file in the agent workspace, so you can tell the
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agent (in a normal chat) something like:
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- “Update `HEARTBEAT.md` to add a daily calendar check.”
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- “Rewrite `HEARTBEAT.md` so it’s shorter and focused on inbox follow-ups.”
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If you want this to happen proactively, you can also include an explicit line in
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your heartbeat prompt like: “If the checklist becomes stale, update HEARTBEAT.md
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with a better one.”
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Safety note: don’t put secrets (API keys, phone numbers, private tokens) into
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`HEARTBEAT.md` — it becomes part of the prompt context.
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## Manual wake (on-demand)
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You can enqueue a system event and trigger an immediate heartbeat with:
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```bash
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moltbot system event --text "Check for urgent follow-ups" --mode now
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```
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If multiple agents have `heartbeat` configured, a manual wake runs each of those
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agent heartbeats immediately.
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Use `--mode next-heartbeat` to wait for the next scheduled tick.
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## Reasoning delivery (optional)
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By default, heartbeats deliver only the final “answer” payload.
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If you want transparency, enable:
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- `agents.defaults.heartbeat.includeReasoning: true`
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When enabled, heartbeats will also deliver a separate message prefixed
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`Reasoning:` (same shape as `/reasoning on`). This can be useful when the agent
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is managing multiple sessions/codexes and you want to see why it decided to ping
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you — but it can also leak more internal detail than you want. Prefer keeping it
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off in group chats.
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## Cost awareness
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Heartbeats run full agent turns. Shorter intervals burn more tokens. Keep
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`HEARTBEAT.md` small and consider a cheaper `model` or `target: "none"` if you
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only want internal state updates.
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